A Multi-Agent Extension of a Hierarchical Task Network Planning Formalism

Describing planning domains using a common formalism promotes greater reuse of research, allowing a fairer comparison between different planners and approaches. Common planning formalisms for single-agent planning are already well established (e.g., PDDL, STRIPS, and HTN), but currently there is a shortage of multi-agent planning formalisms with clear semantics. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent extension of the Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) planning formalism for multi-agent planning problems. Our formalism, the Multi-Agent Hierarchical Task Network (MA-HTN), can be used to specify and represent multi-agent planning domains and problems. We provide a grammar with semantics for the domain and problem representation, and describe two case studies with the translation from multi-agent systems developed in JaCaMo to our MA-HTN formalism

A Multi-Agent Extension of a Hierarchical Task Network Planning Formalism

Describing planning domains using a common formalism promotes greater reuse of research, allowing a fairer comparison between different planners and approaches. Common planning formalisms for single-agent planning are already well established (e.g., PDDL, STRIPS, and HTN), but currently there is a shortage of multi-agent planning formalisms with clear semantics. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent extension of the Hierarchical Task Network (HTN) planning formalism for multi-agent planning problems. Our formalism, the Multi-Agent Hierarchical Task Network (MA-HTN), can be used to specify and represent multi-agent planning domains and problems. We provide a grammar with semantics for the domain and problem representation, and describe two case studies with the translation from multi-agent systems developed in JaCaMo to our MA-HTN formalism

Aspectos econômicos e ambientais atribuídos ao uso de veículos automotivos leves etiquetados no Brasil

The present study proposes to evaluate the Brazilian Program of Energy Labeling - PBE / INMETRO, in the scope of light automotive vehicles, in the energy, economic and environmental aspects. Its main purpose is to evaluate the energy benefits in terms of fuel consumption, economic, in terms of reducing annual and environmental costs, reducing greenhouse effect gas emissions, using more efficient vehicles (class A, CONPET Seal), compared to less efficient vehicles (classes B, C, D and E) in Brazil. The article shows an influence of several variables in the average annual total cost of a vehicle in order to highlight a variable with greater impact in choosing a more efficient vehicle.O presente estudo avalia o Programa Brasileiro de Etiquetagem Energética – PBE/INMETRO, no âmbito de veículos automotores leves, nos aspectos energéticos, econômicos e ambientais. Tem como principal propósito avaliar os benefícios energéticos, em termos de consumo de combustível, econômicos, em termos de custos anuais, e ambientais, no âmbito de redução de emissões de gases do efeito estufa, do uso de veículos mais eficientes (classe A, com Selo CONPET), frente aos veículos menos eficientes (classes B,C,D e E) no Brasil. O artigo mostra a influência de diversas variáveis no custo total anual médio de um veículo com o intuito de destacar as variáveis com maiores impactos na escolha de um veículo mais eficiente.  El presente estudio evalúa el Programa Brasileño de Etiquetado Energético - PBE / INMETRO, en el ámbito de los vehículos automotores livianos, en los aspectos energéticos, económicos y ambientales. Su objetivo principal es evaluar los beneficios energéticos, en términos de consumo de combustible, económicamente, en términos de costos anuales y ambientales, en el ámbito de reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, utilizando vehículos más eficientes (clase A, con Sello CONPET), en comparación con los vehículos menos eficientes (clases B, C, D y E) en Brasil. El artículo muestra la influencia de varias variables en el costo total anual promedio de un vehículo para resaltar las variables con el mayor impacto en la elección de un vehículo más eficiente